Kuvulala kwa Makina - Kutseka/Kutulutsa: Kukhazikitsa Chitetezo Chofunikira pa Ntchito za Makina

Kuvulala kwa Makina - Kutseka/Kutulutsa: Kukhazikitsa Chitetezo Chofunikira pa Ntchito za Makina
M'mafakitale monga kupanga makina, kukonza, ndi kukonza, kuvulala kwa makina ndi ngozi imodzi yodziwika bwino komanso yowopsa mosavuta. Magiya ozungulira othamanga kwambiri, ma sliding blocks obwerezabwereza, ma rotating shafts, ndi ma telescopic hydraulic rods, akalephera kulamulira, amatha kuvulaza kwambiri nthawi yomweyo monga kupsinjika, kumeta, kutsekeka, ndi kukhudzidwa, ngakhale kuika miyoyo pachiwopsezo.Kutseka/Kutulutsa (LOTO), monga njira yaikulu yowongolera mphamvu zoopsa zamakina komanso kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zida, ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri yotetezera chitetezo cha moyo wa ogwira ntchito zamakanika komanso kupewa ngozi zovulala zamakanika. Nkhaniyi, yochokera ku zochitika zenizeni mumakampani opanga makina, imayamba kuchokera ku zomwe zimayambitsa kuvulala kwamakanika ndikusanthula phindu lalikulu, mfundo zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito, ndi malamulo othandiza a LOTO pakugwira ntchito zamakanika, cholinga chake ndikupanga chotchinga chachitetezo cha ntchito zamakanika kwa ogwira ntchito zamakanika.
1. Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuvulala kwa Makina: Zokhudzana Kwambiri ndi Mphamvu Yoopsa Yosalamulirika
Kuvulala kwa makina kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zoopsa monga zolakwika pakugwira ntchito ndi kulephera kwa zida, koma kwenikweni, zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi kulephera kuwongolera bwino mphamvu zoopsa. Pakati pawo, kusatsatira njira ya LOTO ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu. Kuphatikiza milandu ya ngozi zomwe zimachitika m'makampani opanga makina, zomwe zimayambitsa kuvulala kwa makina zitha kufotokozedwa m'magulu atatu, zonse zokhudzana mwachindunji ndi kusatsatira kapena kusatsatira malamulo a ntchito za LOTO.
Choyamba, kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyambitsa zida mosayembekezereka. Pa ntchito zamakina, panthawi yokonza, kukonza, ndi kuyeretsa, zida zimazimitsidwa. Ngati mphamvu ya zida sizikuchotsedwa bwino ndipo ntchito za LOTO sizikuchitika, kungozimitsa switch ya zida kungapangitse ena kukhudza batani loyambira molakwika, zidazo zimangobwezeretsanso zokha, kapena mphamvuyo kubwezeretsedwa mwangozi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidazo ziyambe mwadzidzidzi ndikutseka antchito omwe anali kugwira ntchito panthawiyo m'zigawo zogwirira ntchito zamakina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidule, zipsinjike, ndi zina zotero. Wantchito mu fakitale yokonza makina, akutsuka shaft yayikulu ya chida chamakina, sanachite ntchito za LOTO ndipo anangozimitsa switch yamagetsi ya zidazo. Woyendetsa pafupi naye molakwika anakhudza batani loyambira, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti dzanja la wantchito ligwidwe mu shaft yayikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilema chokhazikika chikhalepo. Ngozi zotere ndizofala m'makampani opanga makina.
Chachiwiri, kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu yotsala. Zipangizo zikayima, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mphamvu zoopsa zomwe sizimatulutsidwa mkati, monga mphamvu ya masika, mphamvu ya hydraulic, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Ngati mphamvu yotsalayo sinatulutsidwe kwathunthu kudzera mu njira ya LOTO, kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu mwadzidzidzi panthawi yogwira ntchito kungayambitse kuti zigawo zamakina zichite zinthu mosayembekezereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zivulale. Mwachitsanzo, makina osindikizira atayima, makina a hydraulic amakhalabe ndi kupanikizika. Ngati njira yotulutsira kupanikizika sinachitike kapena maloko a LOTO sanamangiriridwe, woyendetsa akachotsa nkhungu, chipika chotsetsereka chimagwa mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuvulala kwakukulu; kasupe wokakamiza mu chipangizo chotumizira mphamvu, atadula gwero lalikulu la mphamvu, akadali mu mkhalidwe wosungira mphamvu. Ngati sichinakonzedwe kapena kutulutsidwa, chingayambitsidwe ndi ngozi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zituluke ndikuyambitsa kuvulala.
Chachitatu, kuphwanya malamulo okhudza njira zogwirira ntchito kumawononga chitetezo. Antchito ena amatenga chiopsezo ndikusiya zida zotetezera chitetezo cha makina za LOTO ndikutsegula maloko a LOTO, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha makina chilephereke komanso kuvulaza. Mwachitsanzo, wantchito yemwe anali mu workshop, akukonza zida zonyamulira katundu, sanachite ntchito za LOTO ndipo anachotsa chivundikiro cha chitetezo cha zida, poyesa kusintha lamba wonyamulira katundu pamanja. Zotsatira zake, dzanja lake linagwidwa pakati pa lamba wonyamulira katundu ndi ng'oma, zomwe zinapangitsa kuvulala kwakukulu; wantchito wina, chifukwa chofulumira kumaliza ntchitoyi, anachotsa loko ya LOTO ndikuyamba zidazo msanga, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mnzake yemwe anali kugwira ntchito panthawiyo avulazidwe ndi zida zamakina.
Milandu iyi ikutichenjeza kuti mu ntchito zamakina, mphamvu zoopsa zili paliponse, ndipo ntchito za LOTO sizinthu zosafunikira koma ndi "chithumwa chopulumutsa moyo" chowongolera mphamvu zoopsa ndikupewa kuvulala kwamakina, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga chomaliza pakati pa ogwira ntchito zamakina ndi zoopsa.