OSHA imalangiza ogwira ntchito yosamalira kutseka, kuyika chizindikiro, ndikuwongolera magwero amphamvu owopsa.Anthu ena sadziwa momwe angatengere sitepe iyi, makina aliwonse ndi osiyana.Zithunzi za Getty
Mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamtundu uliwonse,lockout/tagout (LOTO)palibe chatsopano.Pokhapokha ngati magetsi atsekedwa, palibe amene angayesere kukonza mwachizolowezi kapena kuyesa kukonza makina kapena makina.Ichi ndi chofunikira chabe chanzeru komanso Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Musanayambe ntchito yokonza kapena kukonza, n'zosavuta kuchotsa makina ku gwero la mphamvu yake-kawirikawiri pozimitsa chophwanyira dera-ndikutseka chitseko cha gulu lophwanyira dera.Kuwonjezera chizindikiro chotchula akatswiri okonza zinthu ndi mayina ndi nkhani yosavuta.
Ngati mphamvuyo siingathe kutsekedwa, chizindikiro chokhacho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito.Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, kaya ndi loko kapena popanda loko, chizindikirocho chimasonyeza kuti kukonza kuli mkati ndipo chipangizocho sichinayende.
Komabe, awa si mapeto a lotale.Cholinga chachikulu sikungodula gwero lamagetsi.Cholinga ndikugwiritsa ntchito kapena kumasula mphamvu zonse zowopsa mu mawu a OSHA, kuwongolera mphamvu zowopsa.
Macheka wamba akuwonetsa zoopsa ziwiri zosakhalitsa.Pambuyo pozimitsidwa, tsamba la macheka lidzapitiriza kuthamanga kwa masekondi angapo, ndipo lidzangoyima pamene mphamvu yosungidwa mu injini yatha.Tsambalo lidzakhala lotentha kwa mphindi zingapo mpaka kutentha kutha.
Monga momwe macheka amasungira mphamvu zamakina ndi matenthedwe, ntchito yoyendetsa makina amagetsi (magetsi, hayidiroliki ndi pneumatic) nthawi zambiri imatha kusunga mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali. dera, mphamvu akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali modabwitsa.
Makina opanga mafakitale osiyanasiyana amafunikira mphamvu zambiri.Chitsulo chamtundu wa AISI 1010 chimatha kupirira mphamvu zopindika mpaka 45,000 PSI, kotero makina monga mabuleki osindikizira, nkhonya, nkhonya, ndi ma bender a chitoliro ayenera kufalitsa mphamvu m'mayunitsi a matani.Ngati dera lomwe limayendetsa makina a hydraulic pump yatsekedwa ndi kutsekedwa, gawo la hydraulic la dongosololi likhoza kupereka 45,000 PSI.Pamakina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu kapena masamba, izi ndizokwanira kuphwanya kapena kudula miyendo.
Chidebe chotsekedwa ndi ndowa m'mwamba ndi yoopsa mofanana ndi chidebe chosatsekedwa.Tsegulani valavu yolakwika ndipo mphamvu yokoka idzatenga.Momwemonso, dongosolo la pneumatic limatha kusunga mphamvu zambiri likazimitsidwa.Bender yapaipi yapakati imatha kuyamwa mpaka ma amperes 150 apano.Kutsika mpaka 0.040 amps, mtima ukhoza kusiya kugunda.
Kumasula bwino kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri mutatha kuzimitsa mphamvu ndi LOTO.Kutulutsidwa kotetezeka kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowopsa kumafuna kumvetsetsa mfundo za dongosololi ndi tsatanetsatane wa makina omwe amayenera kusamalidwa kapena kukonzedwa.
Pali mitundu iwiri yama hydraulic system: loop yotseguka ndi loop yotsekedwa.M'malo ogulitsa, mitundu yodziwika bwino yapope ndi magiya, vanes, ndi ma pistoni.Silinda ya chida chothamanga imatha kukhala imodzi kapena iwiri.Makina a Hydraulic amatha kukhala ndi mitundu itatu ya ma valve - kuwongolera kowongolera, kuwongolera koyenda, ndi kuwongolera kukakamiza-mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mitundu ingapo.Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe muyenera kuziganizira, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino gawo lililonse kuti muchepetse zoopsa zokhudzana ndi mphamvu.
Jay Robinson, mwini wake komanso purezidenti wa RbSA Industrial, adati: "Ma hydraulic actuator amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi valavu yotseka madoko.""Vavu ya solenoid imatsegula valavu.Dongosolo likamathamanga, madzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amathamangira ku zida zothamanga kwambiri komanso ku tanki pamagetsi otsika, "adatero.."Ngati dongosolo limatulutsa 2,000 PSI ndipo mphamvu yazimitsidwa, solenoid idzapita kumalo apakati ndikuletsa madoko onse.Mafuta sangathe kuyenda ndipo makinawo amaima, koma makinawo amatha kukhala ndi PSI 1,000 mbali iliyonse ya valve.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-04-2021