Kutseka, kuyika chizindikiro ndi kulamulira mphamvu zoopsa mu workshop

OSHA ikulangiza ogwira ntchito yokonza kuti atseke, alembe, ndikuwongolera magwero amphamvu oopsa. Anthu ena sadziwa momwe angachitire izi, makina onse ndi osiyana. Getty Images

Pakati pa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakampani,kutseka/kutulutsa mawu (LOTO)Palibe chatsopano. Pokhapokha magetsi atazimitsidwa, palibe amene angayese kukonza makinawo nthawi zonse kapena kuyesa kukonza makinawo. Izi ndi zofunika kwa anthu wamba komanso ku Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Musanayambe ntchito yokonza kapena kukonza, n'kosavuta kuchotsa makinawo ku gwero lake lamagetsi—nthawi zambiri pozimitsa chotsegula magetsi—ndi kutseka chitseko cha chotsegula magetsi. Kuwonjezera chizindikiro chomwe chimazindikiritsa akatswiri okonza ndi mayina awo ndi nkhani yosavuta.

Ngati magetsi sangathe kutsekedwa, chizindikiro chokhacho ndi chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mulimonsemo, kaya ndi loko kapena ayi, chizindikirocho chimasonyeza kuti kukonza kukupitirira ndipo chipangizocho sichikugwira ntchito.

Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti lottery yonse ndi yomaliza. Cholinga chachikulu si kungochotsa gwero lamagetsi. Cholinga chake ndikugwiritsa ntchito kapena kutulutsa mphamvu zonse zoopsa - malinga ndi OSHA, kuti azitha kuwongolera mphamvu zoopsa.

Chotsukira wamba chimasonyeza zoopsa ziwiri zakanthawi. Chotsukira chikazimitsidwa, tsamba la chotsukira lipitiliza kugwira ntchito kwa masekondi angapo, ndipo lidzaima pokhapokha mphamvu yosungidwa mu injini itatha. Tsamba lidzakhala lotentha kwa mphindi zochepa mpaka kutentha kutatha.

Monga momwe macheka amasungira mphamvu ya makina ndi kutentha, ntchito yoyendetsa makina amafakitale (amagetsi, hydraulic ndi pneumatic) nthawi zambiri imatha kusunga mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali.​​Kutengera mphamvu yotseka ya makina a hydraulic kapena pneumatic, kapena mphamvu ya dera, mphamvu imatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri.

Makina osiyanasiyana amafakitale amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. AISI 1010 yachitsulo yodziwika bwino imatha kupirira mphamvu zopindika mpaka 45,000 PSI, kotero makina monga mabuleki osindikizira, ma punch, ma punch, ndi ma pipe bender ayenera kutumiza mphamvu m'mayunitsi a matani. Ngati dera lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito makina opopera a hydraulic latsekedwa ndikuchotsedwa, gawo la hydraulic la makinawo likhozabe kupereka 45,000 PSI. Pa makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu kapena masamba, izi ndizokwanira kuphwanya kapena kudula ziwalo.

Galimoto yotsekedwa yokhala ndi chidebe mumlengalenga ndi yoopsa ngati galimoto yotsekedwa yokhala ndi chidebe. Tsegulani valavu yolakwika ndipo mphamvu yokoka idzatenga malo. Mofananamo, makina opopera mpweya amatha kusunga mphamvu zambiri akamazimitsidwa. Chopopera chapakati chimatha kuyamwa mphamvu yamagetsi mpaka ma ampere 150. Mtima umatha kusiya kugunda ngakhale utachepa ngati ma ampere 0.040.

Kutulutsa kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu mosamala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mukatha kuzimitsa magetsi ndi LOTO. Kutulutsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoopsa mosamala kumafuna kumvetsetsa mfundo za makinawo ndi tsatanetsatane wa makina omwe amafunika kusamalidwa kapena kukonzedwa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya makina a hydraulic: open loop ndi closed loop. Mu malo opangira mafakitale, mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mapampu ndi magiya, ma vane, ndi ma pistoni. Silinda ya chida choyendetsera imatha kugwira ntchito kamodzi kapena kawiri. Makina a hydraulic amatha kukhala ndi mitundu itatu ya ma valve - kuwongolera kolunjika, kuwongolera kayendedwe ka madzi, ndi kuwongolera kuthamanga - mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mitundu ingapo. Pali zinthu zambiri zoti muzisamala, kotero ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino mtundu uliwonse wa gawo kuti muchotse zoopsa zokhudzana ndi mphamvu.

Jay Robinson, mwiniwake komanso purezidenti wa RbSA Industrial, anati: “Choyatsira magetsi cha hydraulic chingayendetsedwe ndi valavu yotseka madoko onse.” “Vavu ya solenoid imatsegula valavu. Pamene dongosolo likugwira ntchito, madzi a hydraulic amathamangira ku zipangizo zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso ku thanki zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zochepa,” iye anatero. “Ngati dongosololi lipanga 2,000 PSI ndipo mphamvu yazimitsidwa, solenoid imapita pakati ndikutseka madoko onse. Mafuta sangayende ndipo makinawo amaima, koma dongosololi likhoza kukhala ndi 1,000 PSI mbali iliyonse ya valavu.”