LOTO Lockout/Tagout: Kuchokera ku Concept mpaka Kukhazikitsa

LOTO Lockout/Tagout: Kuchokera ku Concept mpaka Kukhazikitsa
Mu gawo la mafakitale, chitetezo ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yonseyi, ndipolockout-tagout (LOTO, Lockout/Tagout)Monga njira yofunika kwambiri yowongolera mphamvu zoopsa ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zida ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yowonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ali otetezeka ndikuchepetsa ngozi zachitetezo. Kuchokera ku lingaliro losamveka bwino la chitetezo mpaka njira yogwiritsira ntchito,LOTOSikuti ndi gulu la malamulo okhazikika ogwirira ntchito, komanso ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kayendetsedwe ka chitetezo cha bizinesi, lomwe limakhudza zochitika zonse monga kukonza zida, kukonza, ndi kuyeretsa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwake kokhazikika kumatsimikizira mwachindunji chitetezo chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale. Nkhaniyi iyamba kuchokera ku lingaliro lalikulu la LOTO, kusanthula njira yogwiritsira ntchito, mfundo zazikulu, ndi kusamvetsetsana komwe kumadziwika, kupereka malangizo okwanira komanso othandiza kwa ogwira ntchito m'makampani.
I. Lingaliro Lofunika Kwambiri la LOTO Lockout/Tagout:Sikuti "Kungotseka + Kuyika Chizindikiro"
Kumvetsetsa kwa akatswiri ambiri a LOTO kumangokhala pa "kuyika loko ndi kuyika chizindikiro", koma kwenikweni, LOTO ndi pulogalamu yoyendetsera mphamvu zoopsa, ndipo cholinga chake ndikuletsa zida kuti zisayambe mwangozi kapena mphamvu kuti zisatuluke mwangozi panthawi yogwira ntchito kudzera mu kudzipatula ndi machenjezo omveka bwino, kupewa zoopsa zachitetezo pamalo omwe akuchokera. Malinga ndi miyezo ya OSHA ndi zofunikira za "Work Safety Law", tanthauzo lovomerezeka la LOTO ndi: Asanagwiritse ntchito zida, kukonza, kukonza zolakwika, kapena kuyeretsa, kudzera mu kutseka, kupatula magwero osiyanasiyana oopsa a mphamvu za zida, kugwiritsa ntchito maloko apadera kutseka zida zodzipatula, ndikuyika zizindikiro zochenjeza kuti zidziwitse momveka bwino kuti zidazo zili mu "kuyambira koletsedwa", kuti apewe ena kuti asagwire ntchito molakwika ndikuyambitsa ngozi zachitetezo. Kuchokera kuzinthu zazikulu, LOTO ili ndi magawo awiri osagwirizana: "kutseka" ndi "kuyika chizindikiro". Zimathandizana ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri. "Kutseka" ndi chitetezo chakuthupi, pogwiritsa ntchito maloko apadera (monga zingwe, zotsekera ma circuit breakers, zophimba ma valvu, ndi zina zotero) kuti mutseke zida zolekanitsira mphamvu (ma switch, ma valvu, zotsekera ma circuit breakers, ndi zina zotero), kupanga chitetezo cholimba, kuonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito osaloledwa sangayatse zida; "kuyika chizindikiro" ndi chikumbutso cha chenjezo, popachika zizindikiro zokopa maso zakuti "Wina akugwira ntchito, musayatse" kapena "Akukonza, musatseke", zomwe zimafotokoza momveka bwino momwe ntchito ikuyendera, ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito, kupereka chenjezo looneka, lomwe limakwaniritsa malo osawoneka bwino a chitetezo chotseka.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya LOTO kumakhudza zochitika zonse zamafakitale ndi mphamvu zoopsa, kuphatikiza mphamvu, makina, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, chemical, ndi zina zotero. Mitundu yonse ya magwero a mphamvu, kaya m'mafakitale opanga, zida zamakemikolo, kapena kukonza malo osangalalira (monga kuyang'anira m'mawa wa Lego Big Wheel), bola ngati ntchito zotseka zida zikuchitika, njira za LOTO ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa [3][7]. Cholinga chake chachikulu si "njira zovuta", koma kudzera mu ntchito zokhazikika, kulekanitsa mphamvu zoopsa ndi antchito, chomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe LOTO yakhala muyezo wapadziko lonse wachitetezo chamafakitale.
II. Zofunikira Zoyambira Kukhazikitsa Loto Lockout/Tagout:Gawo Lofotokozera Zinthu Zazikulu ndi Udindo
Kukhazikitsa koyenera kwa LOTO kumafuna choyamba kufotokoza zofunikira zitatu zofunika kuti ntchitoyi isachitike chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe sizikupezeka kapena maudindo osadziwika bwino, zomwe zingayambitse ngozi zachitetezo.
Choyamba, dziwani bwino kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zoopsa. Musanayambe kugwira ntchito, mphamvu zonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazida ziyenera kufufuzidwa bwino, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zenizeni (monga magetsi, gasi, mafuta a hydraulic) ndi mphamvu zenizeni (monga mphamvu zamagetsi zotsalira mu ma capacitor, mphamvu ya spring potential, gasi wopanikizika, ndi zina zotero), ndipo palibe gwero la mphamvu lomwe liyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale pulagi ya zida zina zamagetsi itachotsedwa, capacitor imasungabe mphamvu zamagetsi, ndipo ngati chithandizo chotulutsa sichikuchitika, chingayambitsebe zoopsa za kugwedezeka kwa magetsi [1]; muzipangizo zamakina, kasupe wokakamizidwa, ngakhale gwero lalikulu la mphamvu litadulidwa, lingayambitsebe kuvulala kwa makina chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu zenizeni. Kuzindikira mphamvu zenizeni izi ndiye maziko ogwiritsira ntchito LOTO.
Chachiwiri, khalani ndi zida ndi zizindikiro zokhazikika. Ntchito ya LOTO imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito maloko ndi zida zapadera. N'koletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosaperekedwa monga mawaya achitsulo kapena zingwe wamba ngati zinthu zina. Zida zotere sizili ndi ntchito yodzipatula ndipo zimatha kusweka komanso kusowa machenjezo. Zimaonedwa kuti ndi zophwanya malamulo akuluakulu. Maloko ayenera kutsatira mfundo ya "munthu m'modzi, loko imodzi, kiyi imodzi", ndipo makiyi ayenera kusungidwa bwino ndi ogwiritsa ntchito okha. N'koletsedwa kutumiza kapena kugawana makiyi. Zizindikiro zochenjeza ziyenera kukhala zomveka bwino komanso zokopa maso, ndipo zimasonyeza bwino zomwe zili mu ntchitoyo, ogwira ntchito, ndi zambiri zolumikizirana kuti zitsimikizire kuti anthu onse odutsa kapena olumikizana ndi zidazo amvetsetsa bwino zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
Chachitatu, dongosolo lomveka bwino la udindo liyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Ntchito ya LOTO ikutsatira mfundo yakuti "ndani akugwira ntchito, ndani ali ndi udindo". Udindo wa mitundu itatu ya antchito ofunikira umafotokozedwa momveka bwino: ogwira ntchito ovomerezeka (omwe adalandira maphunziro ndi chilolezo chochita ntchito za LOTO) ali ndi udindo wokhazikitsa njira zotsekera, zolembera, ndi zotsegulira panthawi yonse ya ndondomekoyi; ogwira ntchito omwe akhudzidwa (ogwira ntchito m'dera lozungulira malo ogwirira ntchito) ayenera kudziwa momwe ntchito ya LOTO ilili ndipo sayenera kukhudza maloko, zizindikiro, kapena zida popanda chilolezo; woyang'anira chitetezo ali ndi udindo wophunzitsa, kuyang'anira, ndikuwunikanso njira ya LOTO, ndipo amafufuza mwachangu kuphwanya kulikonse kwa njira zogwirira ntchito. Kampaniyo iyenera kukhazikitsa mokwanira udindo wa LOTO pamlingo uliwonse kuti iwonetsetse kuti ulalo uliwonse uli ndi munthu wodzipereka woyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira.