Ngozi yophulika ya 2005 ku fakitale yoyeretsera mafuta ya BP ku Texas, USA

Kuphulika kunachitika panthawi yokonza chosinthira kutentha mu gawo la isomerization la fakitale ya BP ku Texas, zomwe zinapha anthu 15 ndi kuvulala 170, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma. Ngoziyi inakhala nkhani yofala kwambiri ya kulephera kwa mphamvu m'mafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi.
Njira ya ngozi ndi chifukwa chake mwachindunji
Pa nthawi yokonza payipi yodyetsera chakudya cha chotenthetsera kutentha pafakitale, mbale yobisika kuti ichotsedwe bwino sinayikidwe monga momwe zinalili, ndipo valavu yokwera yokha ndiyo inatsekedwa. Chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa mkati mwa valavu, zinthu za hydrocarbon zinapitirira kutuluka, ndipo pamapeto pake kuphulika kunachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa gwero la moto. Vuto lalikulu la ngoziyi linali kusakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, chifukwa kudalira kokha kusakhala ndi valavu sikungathe kuchotsa chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa zinthu. Kuopsa kobisika kwa kutuluka kwa mkati mwa valavu sikunadziwike, ndipo mphamvu ya mankhwala (kupanikizika) mu payipiyo sinatulutsidwe mokwanira, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mphamvu itulutsidwe mosayembekezereka ndikuyambitsa ngozi.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha ngoziyi
Kusagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira miyezo yodzipatula mphamvu: Kampaniyo sinatsatire mosamalitsa muyezo wa njira yodzipatula ya "double valve isolation + blind plate" processing system, kuchepetsa zofunikira zodzipatula mphamvu pa ntchito za mapaipi oopsa, komanso kudalira kwambiri valvu imodzi yokha.
Kusakwanira kuzindikira zoopsa:Zoopsa zomwe zingachitike monga kutuluka kwa mkati mwa ma valve sizinaganizidwe mokwanira, kuwunika kwa mphamvu zomwe magwero amagetsi amakumana nazo sikunali kokwanira, ndipo panalibe njira zotsimikizira zogwira mtima.
Zolakwika mu dongosolo loyang'anira chitetezo:Kampaniyo inkaika patsogolo kupanga zinthu kuposa chitetezo, inalibe ndalama zokwanira zogwiritsira ntchito pachitetezo, komanso maphunziro osakwanira achitetezo kwa antchito, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti antchito asatsatire malamulo oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kulephera kwa njira zoyang'anira ndi kuwunikanso:Palibe njira yapadera yowunikiranso momwe njira zodzipatula mphamvu zinakhazikitsidwira, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuzindikira mwachangu ndikukonza zolakwika mu njira yodzipatula.
Maphunziro a ngozi ndi njira zowongolera
Sinthani miyezo yodzipatula ya mphamvu:Pa ntchito za mapaipi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kwa njira zingapo zodzipatula za "double valve isolation + intermediate release + blind plate isolation" ndikofunikira, ndipo kutseka valavu yokha ngati njira yodzipatula mphamvu ndikoletsedwa; ma blind plates ayenera kuwerengedwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo buku la blind plate liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti litsimikizire kuti njira yoyika ndi kuchotsa ma blind plates ikutsatira bwino.
Kuwongolera njira yotsimikizira zotsatira za kudzipatula:Gwiritsani ntchito kuyesa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuzindikira mpweya, ndi zina zotero, kuti mutsimikizire momwe payipi yopatukanayo ilili yopanda mphamvu kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe chiopsezo cha kutayikira kwa zinthu.
Limbikitsani njira yopangira chikhalidwe cha chitetezo: Khazikitsani lingaliro la "chitetezo choyamba", onjezerani ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito chitetezo, limbitsani maphunziro a chitetezo cha antchito, ndikuwonjezera chidziwitso cha antchito pakufunika kodzipatula pa mphamvu ndi kuthekera kwawo kutsatira malamulo mosamalitsa.
Khazikitsani njira yodziyimira payokha yoyang'anira ndi kuwunikanso: Khazikitsani dipatimenti yodziyimira payokha yoyang'anira chitetezo kuti iyang'anire mokwanira njira zokhazikitsira, kukhazikitsa, ndi kutsimikizira njira zodzipatula mphamvu, kuchita kafukufuku wachitetezo nthawi zonse, ndikuzindikira mwachangu ndikukonza zoopsa zachitetezo.